Diversity of the Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh.

3.6 Availabilities of present medicinal plants of Bangladesh :

It is generally estimated that about 5000 species of indigenous and naturalised phanaerogamic and pteridophytic plants grow in Bangladesh.

These plants grow here both wild and under cultivation. Out of them more than 1000 plants, which include many food, vegetable, beverage, spice and ornamental plants, contain medicinally useful chemical substances and are regarded as having medicinal properties of one kind or therapeutic agents of various medicinal preparations particularly of Unani, Ayurvedic and Homeopathic medicines.

A plant cannot be called a medicinal plants simply because somebody has said so unless it is corroborated by photochemical clinical and experimental evidence.

In this way the real and useful medicinal plants can be separated from those that are take or worthless, only after that the correct status of medicinal plants resources of the country can be established.

However with the present state of our knowledge of the medicinal plant resources of Bangladesh, it can be said, with regard to their physical occurrence, that more than 1000 plants having medicinal and/or poisonous properties occur in Bangladesh. Of these about 450 have been enumerate with their chemical constituents and medicinal properties (Ghani, 19106) and about 550 have been enumerated with their medicinal properties and therapeutic uses (Yusuf et al 1994). Out of this enumerated medicinal plants 257 have been identified as efficacious remedies for diarrheal diseases (Mia, 1990) and 47 of them as useful in the treatments of diabetes (Khan 1996).

3.7.  Commercial Use of Medicinal plants in Bangladesh:

(source : Hakim Am. Rakibul Islam, Director (Morketing) Hamdard Laboratoris (Oyakaph) Bangladesh)

Table 04: The list of the most important  medicinal plants in Bangladesh

SL No.	Scientific name	Local name	Use (Tan)	Price Taka Kg/Piece
1.	Carica papaya	পেপে	6200	8
2.	Cassia fistula	বান্দর লাঠি	4600	8
3.	Piper betle	পান	365500	0.3
4.	Terminalia chebula	হরিতকী	3300	16
5.	Aegle marmelos	বেল	2600	30
6.	Rosa damascene, Flower	গোলাপ	2200	150
7.	Cocos nucifera	নারকেল	280000	14
8.	Zingiber officinale	আদা	2000	20
9.	Aloe barbadensis	ঘৃতকুমারী	224	280
10.	Trachytspermum ammi	Jayno	1900	27
11.	Phyllanthus emblica	আমলকি	1900	75
12.	Cassia angustifoia	Sunapata	1900	55
13.	Glycyrrhiza glabra	Shasthimadu	1800	50
14.	Nymphaea nouchali	শাপলা	1700	30
15.	Terminalia belerica	বহেরা	1400	13
16.	Cinnamonun zeylanicum	দারচিনি	1200	76
17.	Swerita chirata	চিরতা	1100	320
18.	Allium sativum	রসুন	1000	23
19.	Cichorium intybs,	কাশিমূল	100	120
20.	Cichorium intybus	কাশি বীজ	1000	160
21.	Elettaria-cardamomum	ছোট এলাচ	1000	450
22.	Saraca indica	অশোক	1000	8
23.	Cyperus rotundus	মুথা	1000	25
24.	Fumaria officinalis	Shahtara	1000	24
25.	Andrographis paniculata	কালোমেঘ	1000	18
26.	Smilax aristalochaefolia	Oshaba	900	28
27.	Foeniculum vulgare	Mouri	800	44
28.	Withania somnifera	অশ্বগন্ধা	800	100
29.	Adhatoda vasica	বাসক	600	18
30.	Citrus aurantifolia	লেবু	600	1
31.	Coriandrum sativum	Dania	580	23
32.	Solanum nigrum	ফুটি বেগুন	550	145
33.	Syzygium cumini	কালজাম	550	25
34.	Zingiber officinale	আদা শুঠ	500	65
35.	Sphaeranthus indicus	Mundi	480	30
36.	Ocimum sanctum	তুলসি	480	20
37.	Tamarindus indica	তেঁতুল	450	20
38.	Azadirachta indica	নিম	440	20
39.	Azadirachta indica	নিম	430	20
40.	Cuminum cyminum	Gira	370	95
41.	Holarrhena antidysenterica	কুরচি	360	21
42.	Vetiveria zezanioides	Khs	350	120
43.	Asparagus racemosus	শতমূলী	340	230
44.	Eugenia caryophyllus	লবঙ্গ	340	185
45.	Centella asiatica	থানকুনি	340	35
46.	Tinospora cordifolia	গুলঞ্চ	330	20
47.	Cassia occidentalis	কালকাসুন্দা	325	18
48.	Solanum xanthocarpum	কণ্টিকারি	320	18
49.	Mentha arvensis	পুদিনা	300	48
50.	Dalbergia sissoo	শিশু	300	20
51.	Boerhaavia diffusa	Punarnova	290	40
52.	Tephrosia purpurea	Sarjuka	270	34
53.	Tribulus terrestris	Gokshor	260	52
54.	Lpomoea turpethum	তেউরি/Teuri	260	30
55.	Terminalia arjuna	অর্জুন	230	18
56.	Euryale  ferox	তালমাখনা	225	60
57.	Cordia latifolia	Sapestan	220	40
58.	Curcuma zeodaria	Akangi	215	35
59.	Areca catechu	সুপারি	200	50
60.	Cinnamomum tamala	তেজপাতা	180	28
61.	Curcuma longa	হলুদ	265	20
62.	Rauvolfia serpentine	সর্পগন্ধা	160	180
63.	Punica granatum	ডালিম	145	65
64.	Berberis aristata	Daruharudra	140	55
65.	Nardostachys jatamansi	জাতামশি/Jatamanshe	140	60
66.	Chrozophora prostate	নীলকণ্ঠি	99	65
67.	Strychnos nnux-vomixa	কুচিলা	90	52
68.	Lagenaria sicararia	কদু	86	75
69.	Cydonia vulgaris	বিহিদানা/Bihidana	72	550
70.	Bambusa arundinacea	Banshalochan	72	70
71.	Trigonella foenum-graceum	মেথি	70	32
72.	Eclipta alba	ভৃঙ্গরাজ	60	40
73.	Tamarindus indica	তেতুল	60	35
74.	Helicteres isora	Atamura	60	40
75.	Gymnema  sylvestre	Gurmarbuti	60	140
76.	Cinnamomum cassia	তাজ/Taj	55	90
77.	Sesamum indicum	সাদা তিল	50	25
78.	Cuscuta reflexa	স্বর্ণলতা	115	62
79.	Linum usitatissimum	তিসি	45	30
80.	Melia azedarach	ঘোড়ানিম	40	40
81.	Lawsonia alba	মেহেদি	35	60
82.	Daucus carota	গাগার/Gagar	35	10
83.	Rubia cordifolia	মাঙ্গিস্তা/Mangishta	30	85
84.	Plumbago zeylanica	চিতামূল/chitamul	30	75
85.	Nigella sativa	কালোগিয়া/Kalogia	27	38
86.	Salmalia malabarica	মছরাস/Mochras	25	90
87.	Ipomoea paniculatum	ভূঁইকুমড়া	24	30
88.	Amomum subulatum	বড় এলাচি	23	360
89.	Mesua ferrea	নাগেশ্বর	23	140
90.	Mentha arvensis	কাঁচা পুদিয়া/Kacha pudia	18	33
91.	Punica granatum	ডালিম	18	500
92.	Raphamus sativus	মুলা	18	65
93.	Vitex  negundo	নিশিন্দা	9	36
94.	Liysea sebifera	মেদা/Meda	9	26
95.	Cardiospermum helicaebum	বাঁকালি/Bankali	9	300
96.	Aegle marmelos	বেল	9	26

3.8. The Economic status and uses of Medicinal Plants: A servey.

Some primary data have been collected from 30 common people for know the recent uses of medicinal plants. These data are giving below in the form of table

Survey Table 05:  Percentage of using  medicinal plants  in several types of  treatment.

Sl No.	Types of Treatment	Percentage of using  medicinal plant
1	Folk	35
2	Aiurbadik	31
3	Unani	22
4	Homeopath	12

Source :  Dixie et al , 2003

Survey Table 06: Percentage of using  medicinal plants for curing different disease:

Do you use the medicinal plants for curing different disease ? Their opinions are given below

Use of Medicinal Plant	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Yes	12	40
No	18	60
Total	30	100

Survey Table 07 : Percentage of plantation of medicinal plants in their house :

Do you think it is necessary to plant, use and conserve medicinal plants in your house their options are given below :

Plantation  of Medicinal Plant	Frequency	Percentage
Necessary	20	67
Better if have	06	20
No need	04	23
Total	30	100

Survey Table 08 : Percentage of this opinion that herbal treatment is not expensive :

Herbal treatment is not expensive the answers of the respondents on this topic are given below :

Expensive	Frequency	Percentage
Yes	28	93
No	02	07
Total	30	100

Survey Table 09 : Percentage of this opinion that herbal treatment has no side effect :

Herbal treatment has no side effect their opinions are given below-

No side effect	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Yes	29	97
No	01	03
Total	30	100

The above table shows though herbal treatment has reduced, but the quality of it does not reduced. Though very few respondent use herbal treatment, maximum respondent believe herbal treatment is not expensive and it is without any side effect. 67% respondent believe it is necessary to plant hobs in their residence. Many people earn lot of money use there local medicinal plant.

Please click on the 1-2-3-4-5-6-7 Page Numbers below to read the full Paper of the Diversity of Fruit Plants in Bangladesh.